T.D. Stocco
Brazil University,
Brazil
Keywords: 3D bioprinting, tissue engineering, biomaterials, scaffolds, patient-specific
Summary:
The advancement of 3D bioprinting technology has enabled the fabrication of patient-specific regenerative implants tailored to address complex anatomical and functional demands. Musculoskeletal tissues, such as knee menisci, intervertebral discs, and the glenoid labrum, exhibit intricate structures and biomechanical properties that are critical for their physiological function. Injuries or degeneration in these tissues often result in compromised biomechanics, leading to pain, disability, and limited therapeutic options. Standardized implants frequently fail to restore native functionality due to anatomical mismatches and inadequate integration with host tissues. Consequently, patient-specific regenerative implants have emerged as a transformative approach to overcome these challenges, providing anatomically accurate solutions capable of restoring both structure and function. This presentation explores the latest advances in 3D bioprinting for developing patient-specific regenerative implants, emphasizing the critical interplay between anatomical fidelity and functional outcomes. The workflow begins with the acquisition of medical imaging data, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT), to generate detailed 3D digital reconstructions of the patient’s native anatomy. Advanced computational modeling techniques are then employed to design implants that replicate the unique geometry of the target tissue, including transitions between distinct regions, such as cartilage and subchondral bone. The fabrication process integrates bioinks designed to mimic the native extracellular matrix composition of musculoskeletal tissues. For instance, hydrogels like Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) provide a biocompatible matrix for cell encapsulation and controlled delivery of biochemical cues, while nanocomposite materials reinforce mechanical properties to meet load-bearing requirements. This talk will also address the critical steps in the validation pipeline, from quantitative morphological analyses of printed implants to ensure anatomical precision, to proof-of-concept studies. The integration of advanced biofabrication technologies with precision medicine offers the potential to revolutionize the treatment of complex musculoskeletal injuries and degenerative conditions. Moreover, the scalable nature of these approaches holds promise for broader clinical translation, paving the way for personalized regenerative therapies. By leveraging patient-specific regenerative implants, it is possible to restore the complex functionality of musculoskeletal tissues while reducing the risk of implant failure and improving long-term outcomes. This presentation will highlight not only the current state-of-the-art but also the future prospects of 3D bioprinting in regenerative medicine, emphasizing its critical role in addressing the anatomical and functional challenges posed by musculoskeletal tissue repair and reconstruction.