P. Kang, B.G. Kim
George Mason University,
United States
Keywords: laser-induced graphene (LIG), digital manufacturing, laser–matter interaction, composite processing, nonequilibrium transformation, process–structure–property relationship, nanoparticle dispersion, hybrid nanomaterials, sustainable fabrication, scalable manufacturing
Summary:
Laser-based composite manufacturing enables digital control over material synthesis and microstructure evolution, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional multistep processing. This work introduces laser-induced graphene (LIG) as a model platform to explore process–structure–property relationships in laser-driven composite fabrication. By modulating laser fluence, wavelength, and ambient environment, we achieve precise control of nonequilibrium transformations that govern carbonization, defect formation, and nanoparticle dispersion within polymer–graphene matrices. In situ and ex situ characterization reveal how localized heating and rapid quenching determine porosity, phase composition, and interfacial coupling—parameters critical to electrical conductivity, mechanical compliance, and electrochemical activity. The study establishes a process framework that links laser parameters to composite functionality, demonstrating how digital laser processing can enable scalable, solvent-free manufacturing of multi-material systems. This approach highlights the potential of laser-based techniques to unify synthesis, patterning, and integration for next-generation structural and functional composites in advanced manufacturing.